收获

  • 对于 flag 字符串中的字符 ASCii 码进行取余数处理的加密,采用正向暴力破解更快
    因为 flag 中的字符一定是可打印字符, ASCii 码范围从 32 ~ 126,直接遍历一个一个尝试,直到符合条件即可

  • 暴力破解不是万能的,因为有的加密方法,通过密文推出的明文可能由很多个都符合条件,视具体情况判断,当找到一个字符后一定要加上 break 退出循环

  • IDA中,在字符串的最后,用“0”表示结束


【攻防世界】Replace


思路

先进行常规 upx 脱壳

IDA 打开,进入主函数

攻防世界-Replace1.png

输入 Buffer,且 Buffer 的长度需满足 (strlen(Buffer) - 35) \<= 2。当 sub_401090(Buffer, v3) 返回 1 时,破解成功

查看 sub_401090(Buffer, v3) ,发现输入 Buffer 的长度必须为 35;且处理后的 35个字符,每一个都必须符合 byte_4021A0\[16 \* v6 + v7\] != ((v11 + v12) ^ 0x19) 的条件

攻防世界-Replace2.png

由于 byte_402150[]byte_402151[] 的值在处理过程中未发生修改,且值已经给出,故可以从这里入手

攻防世界-Replace3.png

byte_402150[] 的内容:”2a49f69c38395cde96d6de96d6f4e025484954d6195448def6e2dad67786e21d5adae6”
byte_402151[] 的内容:”a49f69c38395cde96d6de96d6f4e025484954d6195448def6e2dad67786e21d5adae6”

同理得出 byte_4021A0[] 的内容:
在 IDA View-A 中,全选数组的位置,右键 “Convert” –> “Convert to C/C++ array” 可快速获取数组数据,并将其转化为对应的语言

攻防世界-Replace4.png

byte_4021A0[256] = {
0x63, 0x7C, 0x77, 0x7B, 0xF2, 0x6B, 0x6F, 0xC5, 0x30, 0x01, 0x67, 0x2B, 0xFE, 0xD7, 0xAB, 0x76,
0xCA, 0x82, 0xC9, 0x7D, 0xFA, 0x59, 0x47, 0xF0, 0xAD, 0xD4, 0xA2, 0xAF, 0x9C, 0xA4, 0x72, 0xC0,
0xB7, 0xFD, 0x93, 0x26, 0x36, 0x3F, 0xF7, 0xCC, 0x34, 0xA5, 0xE5, 0xF1, 0x71, 0xD8, 0x31, 0x15,
0x04, 0xC7, 0x23, 0xC3, 0x18, 0x96, 0x05, 0x9A, 0x07, 0x12, 0x80, 0xE2, 0xEB, 0x27, 0xB2, 0x75,
0x09, 0x83, 0x2C, 0x1A, 0x1B, 0x6E, 0x5A, 0xA0, 0x52, 0x3B, 0xD6, 0xB3, 0x29, 0xE3, 0x2F, 0x84,
0x53, 0xD1, 0x00, 0xED, 0x20, 0xFC, 0xB1, 0x5B, 0x6A, 0xCB, 0xBE, 0x39, 0x4A, 0x4C, 0x58, 0xCF,
0xD0, 0xEF, 0xAA, 0xFB, 0x43, 0x4D, 0x33, 0x85, 0x45, 0xF9, 0x02, 0x7F, 0x50, 0x3C, 0x9F, 0xA8,
0x51, 0xA3, 0x40, 0x8F, 0x92, 0x9D, 0x38, 0xF5, 0xBC, 0xB6, 0xDA, 0x21, 0x10, 0xFF, 0xF3, 0xD2,
0xCD, 0x0C, 0x13, 0xEC, 0x5F, 0x97, 0x44, 0x17, 0xC4, 0xA7, 0x7E, 0x3D, 0x64, 0x5D, 0x19, 0x73,
0x60, 0x81, 0x4F, 0xDC, 0x22, 0x2A, 0x90, 0x88, 0x46, 0xEE, 0xB8, 0x14, 0xDE, 0x5E, 0x0B, 0xDB,
0xE0, 0x32, 0x3A, 0x0A, 0x49, 0x06, 0x24, 0x5C, 0xC2, 0xD3, 0xAC, 0x62, 0x91, 0x95, 0xE4, 0x79,
0xE7, 0xC8, 0x37, 0x6D, 0x8D, 0xD5, 0x4E, 0xA9, 0x6C, 0x56, 0xF4, 0xEA, 0x65, 0x7A, 0xAE, 0x08,
0xBA, 0x78, 0x25, 0x2E, 0x1C, 0xA6, 0xB4, 0xC6, 0xE8, 0xDD, 0x74, 0x1F, 0x4B, 0xBD, 0x8B, 0x8A,
0x70, 0x3E, 0xB5, 0x66, 0x48, 0x03, 0xF6, 0x0E, 0x61, 0x35, 0x57, 0xB9, 0x86, 0xC1, 0x1D, 0x9E,
0xE1, 0xF8, 0x98, 0x11, 0x69, 0xD9, 0x8E, 0x94, 0x9B, 0x1E, 0x87, 0xE9, 0xCE, 0x55, 0x28, 0xDF,
0x8C, 0xA1, 0x89, 0x0D, 0xBF, 0xE6, 0x42, 0x68, 0x41, 0x99, 0x2D, 0x0F, 0xB0, 0x54, 0xBB, 0x16
};

v4 为计数器,共有35轮循环,分别处理 Buffer 的35个字符,v5 用来表示 Buffer 每一位字符

先根据 byte_402150[]byte_402151[] 的值在过程中未发生修改,得到每一轮 v8、v10 的值,进而得到 v9、v11、v12 的值和 ((v11 + v12) ^ 0x19) 的值

由于 v5 的值与 byte_4021A0[] 的下标有关,找出 byte_4021A0[] 中与 ((v11 + v12) ^ 0x19) 的值相等的元素,根据其下标即可知道 v6、v7 的值

但是根据下标反推出的 v6、v7 的值并不唯一,而且 v6、v7 对 v5 进行了求余操作,想利用 v6、v7 反向暴力破解求出 v5 很难

所以这里通过正向暴力破解:
由于 flag 中的字符一定是可打印字符, ASCii 码范围从 32 ~ 126,直接遍历一个一个尝试
直到找到 v5 处理后得到符合条件的 v6、v7 使得 byte_4021A0[16 * v6 + v7] == ((v11 + v12) ^ 0x19) 即可,这个 v5 就是原本加密前的 Buffer 中的字符,将符合条件的 v5 全部输出


脚本

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
    int byte_4021A0[256] = {
            0x63, 0x7C, 0x77, 0x7B, 0xF2, 0x6B, 0x6F, 0xC5, 0x30, 0x01, 0x67, 0x2B, 0xFE, 0xD7, 0xAB, 0x76,
            0xCA, 0x82, 0xC9, 0x7D, 0xFA, 0x59, 0x47, 0xF0, 0xAD, 0xD4, 0xA2, 0xAF, 0x9C, 0xA4, 0x72, 0xC0,
            0xB7, 0xFD, 0x93, 0x26, 0x36, 0x3F, 0xF7, 0xCC, 0x34, 0xA5, 0xE5, 0xF1, 0x71, 0xD8, 0x31, 0x15,
            0x04, 0xC7, 0x23, 0xC3, 0x18, 0x96, 0x05, 0x9A, 0x07, 0x12, 0x80, 0xE2, 0xEB, 0x27, 0xB2, 0x75,
            0x09, 0x83, 0x2C, 0x1A, 0x1B, 0x6E, 0x5A, 0xA0, 0x52, 0x3B, 0xD6, 0xB3, 0x29, 0xE3, 0x2F, 0x84,
            0x53, 0xD1, 0x00, 0xED, 0x20, 0xFC, 0xB1, 0x5B, 0x6A, 0xCB, 0xBE, 0x39, 0x4A, 0x4C, 0x58, 0xCF,
            0xD0, 0xEF, 0xAA, 0xFB, 0x43, 0x4D, 0x33, 0x85, 0x45, 0xF9, 0x02, 0x7F, 0x50, 0x3C, 0x9F, 0xA8,
            0x51, 0xA3, 0x40, 0x8F, 0x92, 0x9D, 0x38, 0xF5, 0xBC, 0xB6, 0xDA, 0x21, 0x10, 0xFF, 0xF3, 0xD2,
            0xCD, 0x0C, 0x13, 0xEC, 0x5F, 0x97, 0x44, 0x17, 0xC4, 0xA7, 0x7E, 0x3D, 0x64, 0x5D, 0x19, 0x73,
            0x60, 0x81, 0x4F, 0xDC, 0x22, 0x2A, 0x90, 0x88, 0x46, 0xEE, 0xB8, 0x14, 0xDE, 0x5E, 0x0B, 0xDB,
            0xE0, 0x32, 0x3A, 0x0A, 0x49, 0x06, 0x24, 0x5C, 0xC2, 0xD3, 0xAC, 0x62, 0x91, 0x95, 0xE4, 0x79,
            0xE7, 0xC8, 0x37, 0x6D, 0x8D, 0xD5, 0x4E, 0xA9, 0x6C, 0x56, 0xF4, 0xEA, 0x65, 0x7A, 0xAE, 0x08,
            0xBA, 0x78, 0x25, 0x2E, 0x1C, 0xA6, 0xB4, 0xC6, 0xE8, 0xDD, 0x74, 0x1F, 0x4B, 0xBD, 0x8B, 0x8A,
            0x70, 0x3E, 0xB5, 0x66, 0x48, 0x03, 0xF6, 0x0E, 0x61, 0x35, 0x57, 0xB9, 0x86, 0xC1, 0x1D, 0x9E,
            0xE1, 0xF8, 0x98, 0x11, 0x69, 0xD9, 0x8E, 0x94, 0x9B, 0x1E, 0x87, 0xE9, 0xCE, 0x55, 0x28, 0xDF,
            0x8C, 0xA1, 0x89, 0x0D, 0xBF, 0xE6, 0x42, 0x68, 0x41, 0x99, 0x2D, 0x0F, 0xB0, 0x54, 0xBB, 0x16};
    string byte_402150 = "2a49f69c38395cde96d6de96d6f4e025484954d6195448def6e2dad67786e21d5adae6";
    string byte_402151 = "a49f69c38395cde96d6de96d6f4e025484954d6195448def6e2dad67786e21d5adae6";
    int v4 = 0;
    char v5;
    int v6;
    int v7;
    char v8;
    int v9;
    char v10;
    int v11;
    int v12;

    while ( 1 )
    {
        v8 = byte_402150[2 * v4];
        if ( v8 < 48 || v8 > 57 )
            v9 = v8 - 87;
        else
            v9 = v8 - 48;
        v11 = 16 * v9;
        v10 = byte_402151[2 * v4];
        if ( v10 < 48 || v10 > 57 )
            v12 = v10 - 87;
        else
            v12 = v10 - 48;

        for(int i=32; i<127; i++){
            v6 = (i >> 4) % 16;
            v7 = ((16 * i) >> 4) % 16;
            if(byte_4021A0[16 * v6 + v7] == ((v11 + v12) ^ 0x19)) {
                v5 = i;
                printf("%c", v5);
            }
        }
        v4++;
        if ( v4 >= 35 )
            break;
    }
    return 0;
}

结果

flag{Th1s_1s_Simple_Rep1ac3_Enc0d3}

攻防世界-Replace5.png